This is a work of fundamental importance for our understanding of the intellectual and cultural history of early modern Europe. This book offers a new interpretation of the witchcraft beliefs of European intellectuals based on their publications in the field of demonology, and shows how these beliefs fitted rationally with many other views current in Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries. The book explores the appeal of demonology to early modern intellectuals by looking at the books they published on the subject during this period. After examining the linguistic foundations of their writings, the book shows how the writers' ideas about witchcraft (and about magic) complemented their other intellectual commitments — in particular, their conceptions of nature, history, religion, and politics. The result is much more than a history of demonology. It is a survey of wider intellectual and ideological purposes, and underlines just how far the nature of rationality is dependent on its historical context.